Humanization

Nanobody humanization is a precondition for therapeutic nanobody drug candidates to enter the clinical stage due to immunogenicity concerns. Our humanization service is designed to modify non-human derived nanobodies to reduce their immunogenicity and increase their compatibility with human systems. This is particularly important for therapeutic applications, where the immune system can recognize and attack non-human proteins, leading to a range of adverse reactions.

Our humanization process involves several steps:

Sequence analysis
We perform a thorough analysis of the amino acid sequence of the non-human derived nanobody to identify potential immunogenic regions.

Framework selection
We select a human antibody framework that is structurally similar to the non-human derived nanobody, ensuring that the humanized antibody retains its original structure and function.

Grafting
We graft the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the non-human derived nanobody onto the selected human antibody framework, creating a chimeric antibody.

In silico modeling
We use computational tools to predict the structural and functional properties of the chimeric antibody, ensuring that it has the desired binding specificity and affinity to the target antigen.

Expression and purification
We next express the chimeric antibody using a suitable expression system, which involves cloning the selected antibodies into expression vectors and transfecting them into host cells. The antibodies are then purified to high levels of purity using standard laboratory techniques.

Validation
Finally, we perform thorough validation of the humanized nanobody to ensure that it retains its binding specificity and affinity to the target antigen and that it has reduced immunogenicity.